Produced or marked by conscious design or premeditation.

Roget 611: prepense^†, premeditated etc. v., predesignated, predesigned^†; advised, studied, designed, calculated; aforethought; intended etc. 620; foregone.    well-laid, well-devised, well-weighed; maturely considered; cunning.    ... show more

Dutch: bestudeerd, gestudeerd

A detailed critical inspection.

synonym: survey.

Roget 457: attention; mindfulness, presence of mind etc. adj.; intentness, intentiveness^†; alertness; thought etc. 451; advertence, advertency^†; observance, observation; consideration, reflection, perpension^†; heed; heedfulness; particularity; notice, regard etc. v.; circumspection, diligence etc. (care) 459; study, scrutiny inspection, introspection; revision, revisal.    active application, diligent application, exclusive application, minute application, close application, intense application, deep application, profound application, abstract application, labored application, deliberate application, active attention, diligent attention, exclusive attention, minute attention, close attention, intense attention, deep attention, profound attention, abstract attention, labored attention, deliberate attention, active thought, diligent thought, exclusive thought, minute thought, close thought, intense thought, deep thought, profound thought, abstract thought, labored thought, deliberate thought, active study, diligent study, exclusive study, minute study, close study, intense study, deep study, profound study, abstract study, labored study, deliberate study.    minuteness, attention to detail.    absorption of mind etc. (abstraction) 458.    indication, calling attention to etc. v.. ... show more

Roget 620: intent, intention, intentionality; purpose; quo animo [Lat.]; project etc. 626; undertaking etc. 676; predetermination etc. 611; design, ambition.    contemplation, mind, animus, view, purview, proposal; study; look out.    final cause; raison d'etre [Fr.]; cui bono [Lat.]; object, aim, end; the be all and the end all;" drift etc. (meaning) 516; tendency etc. 176; destination, mark, point, butt, goal, target, bull's-eye, quintain [Mediev.]; prey, quarry, game.    decision, determination, resolve; fixed set purpose, settled purpose; ultimatum; resolution etc. 604; wish etc. 865; arriere pensee [Fr.]; motive etc. 615.    [Study of final causes] teleology.    ... show more

Roget 595: dissertation, treatise, essay; thesis, theme; monograph, tract, tractate^†, tractation^†; discourse, memoir, disquisition, lecture, sermon, homily, pandect^†; excursus.    commentary, review, critique, criticism, article; leader, leading article; editorial; running commentary.    investigation etc. (inquiry) 461; study etc. (consideration) 451; discussion etc. (reasoning) 476; exposition etc. (explanation) 522.    commentator, critic, essayist, pamphleteer.    ... show more

Roget 539: learning; acquisition of knowledge etc. 490, acquisition of skill etc. 698; acquirement, attainment; edification, scholarship, erudition; acquired knowledge, lore, wide information; self-instruction; study, reading, perusal; inquiry etc. 451.    apprenticeship, prenticeship^†; pupilage, pupilarity^†; tutelage, novitiate, matriculation.    docility etc. (willingness) 602; aptitude etc. 698.    ... show more

Roget 191: receptacle; inclosure etc. 232; recipient, receiver, reservatory.    compartment; cell, cellule; follicle; hole, corner, niche, recess, nook; crypt, stall, pigeonhole, cove, oriel; cave etc. (concavity) 252.    capsule, vesicle, cyst, pod, calyx, cancelli, utricle, bladder; pericarp, udder.    stomach, paunch, venter, ventricle, crop, craw, maw, gizzard, breadbasket; mouth.    pocket, pouch, fob, sheath, scabbard, socket, bag, sac, sack, saccule, wallet, cardcase, scrip, poke, knit, knapsack, haversack, sachel, satchel, reticule, budget, net; ditty bag, ditty box; housewife, hussif; saddlebags; portfolio; quiver etc. (magazine) 636.    chest, box, coffer, caddy, case, casket, pyx, pix, caisson, desk, bureau, reliquary; trunk, portmanteau, band-box, valise; grip, grip sack [U.S.]; skippet, vasculum; boot, imperial; vache; cage, manger, rack.    vessel, vase, bushel, barrel; canister, jar; pottle, basket, pannier, buck-basket, hopper, maund^†, creel, cran, crate, cradle, bassinet, wisket, whisket, jardiniere, corbeille, hamper, dosser, dorser, tray, hod, scuttle, utensil; brazier; cuspidor, spittoon.    [For liquids] cistern etc. (store) 636; vat, caldron, barrel, cask, drum, puncheon, keg, rundlet, tun, butt, cag, firkin, kilderkin, carboy, amphora, bottle, jar, decanter, ewer, cruse, caraffe, crock, kit, canteen, flagon; demijohn; flask, flasket; stoup, noggin, vial, phial, cruet, caster; urn, epergne, salver, patella, tazza, patera; pig gin, big gin; tyg, nipperkin, pocket pistol; tub, bucket, pail, skeel, pot, tankard, jug, pitcher, mug, pipkin; galipot, gallipot; matrass, receiver, retort, alembic, bolthead, capsule, can, kettle; bowl, basin, jorum, punch bowl, cup, goblet, chalice, tumbler, glass, rummer, horn, saucepan, skillet, posnet^†, tureen.    [laboratory vessels for liquids] beaker, flask, Erlenmeyer flask, Florence flask, round-bottom flask, graduated cylinder, test tube, culture tube, pipette, Pasteur pipette, disposable pipette, syringe, vial, carboy, vacuum flask, Petri dish, microtiter tray, centrifuge tube.    bail, beaker, billy, canakin; catch basin, catch drain; chatti, lota, mussuk, schooner [U.S.], spider, terrine, toby, urceus.    plate, platter, dish, trencher, calabash, porringer, potager, saucer, pan, crucible; glassware, tableware; vitrics.    compote, gravy boat, creamer, sugar bowl, butter dish, mug, pitcher, punch bowl, chafing dish.    shovel, trowel, spoon, spatula, ladle, dipper, tablespoon, watch glass, thimble.    closet, commode, cupboard, cellaret, chiffonniere, locker, bin, bunker, buffet, press, clothespress, safe, sideboard, drawer, chest of drawers, chest on chest, highboy, lowboy, till, scrutoire^†, secretary, secretaire, davenport, bookcase, cabinet, canterbury; escritoire, etagere, vargueno, vitrine.    chamber, apartment, room, cabin; office, court, hall, atrium; suite of rooms, apartment [U.S.], flat, story; saloon, salon, parlor; by-room, cubicle; presence chamber; sitting room, best room, keeping room, drawing room, reception room, state room; gallery, cabinet, closet; pew, box; boudoir; adytum, sanctum; bedroom, dormitory; refectory, dining room, salle-a-manger; nursery, schoolroom; library, study; studio; billiard room, smoking room; den; stateroom, tablinum, tenement.    [room for defecation and urination] bath room, bathroom, toilet, lavatory, powder room; john, jakes, necessary, loo; [in public places] men's room, ladies' room, rest room; [fixtures] (uncleanness). 653 attic, loft, garret, cockloft, clerestory; cellar, vault, hold, cockpit; cubbyhole; cook house; entre-sol; mezzanine floor; ground floor, rez-de-chaussee; basement, kitchen, pantry, bawarchi-khana, scullery, offices; storeroom etc. (depository) 636; lumber room; dairy, laundry.    coach house; garage; hangar; outhouse; penthouse; lean-to.    portico, porch, stoop, stope, veranda, patio, lanai, terrace, deck; lobby, court, courtyard, hall, vestibule, corridor, passage, breezeway; ante room, ante chamber; lounge; piazza, veranda.    conservatory, greenhouse, bower, arbor, summerhouse, alcove, grotto, hermitage.    lodging etc. (abode) 189; bed etc. (support) 215; carriage etc. (vehicle) 272.    ... show more

Roget 21: copy, facsimile, counterpart, effigies, effigy, form, likeness.    image, picture, photo, xerox, similitude, semblance, ectype^†, photo offset, electrotype; imitation etc. 19; model, representation, adumbration, study; portrait etc. (representation) 554; resemblance.    duplicate, reproduction; cast, tracing; reflex, reflexion [Brit.], reflection; shadow, echo.    transcript [copy into a non-visual form], transcription; recording, scan.    chip off the old block; reprint, new printing; rechauffe [Fr.]; apograph^†, fair copy.    parody, caricature, burlesque, travesty, travestie^†, paraphrase.    [copy with some differences] derivative, derivation, modification, expansion, extension, revision; second edition etc. (repetition) 104.    servile copy, servile imitation; plagiarism, counterfeit, fake etc. (deception) 545; pasticcio^†.    ... show more

Roget 461: inquiry; request etc. 765; search, research, quest, pursuit etc. 622.    examination, review, scrutiny, investigation, indagation^†; perquisition^†, perscrutation^†, pervestigation^†; inquest, inquisition; exploration; exploitation, ventilation.    sifting; calculation, analysis, dissection, resolution, induction; Baconian method^†.    strict inquiry, close inquiry, searching inquiry, exhaustive inquiry; narrow search, strict search; study etc. (consideration) 451.    scire facias [Lat.], ad referendum; trial.    questioning etc. v.; interrogation, interrogatory; interpellation; challenge, examination, cross-examination, catechism; feeler, Socratic method, zetetic philosophy^†; leading question; discussion etc. (reasoning) 476.    reconnoitering, reconnaissance; prying etc. v.; espionage, espionnage [Fr.]; domiciliary visit, peep behind the curtain; lantern of Diogenes.    question, query, problem, desideratum, point to be solved, porism^†; subject of inquiry, field of inquiry, subject of controversy; point in dispute, matter in dispute; moot point; issue, question at issue; bone of contention etc. (discord) 713; plain question, fair question, open question; enigma etc. (secret) 533; knotty point etc. (difficulty) 704; quodlibet; threshold of an inquiry.    [person who questions] inquirer, investigator, inquisitor, inspector, querist^†, examiner, catechist; scrutator scrutineer scrutinizer^†; analyst; quidnunc [Lat.] etc. (curiosity) 455.    ... show more

Dutch: onderzoek, studie, opinieonderzoek, ondervraging, enquête
Polish: ekspertyza

Applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading):
— No schools offer graduate study in interior design.

synonym: work.

Dutch: bestuderen, studeren, bestudering, studie

A written document describing the findings of some individual or group:
— This accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale.

synonyms: report, written report.

Dutch: studie, rapport
Polish: studium

A state of deep mental absorption.

A room used for reading and writing and studying.

Dutch: studeerkamer, studeervertrek
Polish: gabinet

A branch of knowledge:
— Anthropology is the study of human beings.

synonyms: bailiwick, discipline, field, field of study, subject, subject area, subject field.

Dutch: domein, gebied, sfeer, terrein, veld
Polish: gałąź, dyscyplina, płaszczyzna, dziedzina, dział, obszar, domena, niwa, teren, sfera

Preliminary drawing for later elaboration.

synonym: sketch.

Roget 556: painting; depicting; drawing etc. v.; design; perspective, sciagraphy^†, skiagraphy^†; chiaroscuro etc. (light) 420; composition; treatment.    historical painting, portrait painting, miniature painting; landscape painting, marine painting; still life, flower painting, scene painting; scenography^†.    school, style; the grand style, high art, genre, portraiture; ornamental art etc. 847.    monochrome, polychrome; grisaille [Fr.].    pallet, palette; easel; brush, pencil, stump; black lead, charcoal, crayons, chalk, pastel; paint etc. (coloring matter) 428; watercolor, body color, oil color; oils, oil paint; varnish etc. 356.1, priming; gouache, tempera, distemper, fresco, water glass; enamel; encaustic painting; mosaic; tapestry.    photography, heliography, color photography; sun painting; graphics, computer graphics.    picture, painting, piece [Fr.], tableau, canvas; oil painting &c.; fresco, cartoon; easel picture, cabinet picture, draught, draft; pencil drawing &c., water color drawing, etching, charcoal, pen-and-ink; sketch, outline, study.    photograph, color photograph, black-and-white photograph, holograph, heliograph; daguerreotype, talbotype^†, calotype^†, heliotype^†; negative, positive; print, glossy print, matte print; enlargement, reduction, life-size print; instant photo, Polaroid photo.    technicolor, Kodachrome, Ektachrome; Polaroid.    portrait etc. (representation) 554; whole length, full length, half length; kitcat, head; miniature; shade, silhouette; profile.    landscape, seapiece^†; view, scene, prospect; panorama, diorama; still life.    picture gallery, exhibit; studio, atelier; pinacotheca^†.    ... show more

Dutch: studie, voorstudie
Polish: szkic

Attentive consideration and meditation.

synonym: cogitation.

Roget 451: thought; exercitation of the intellect^†, exercise of the intellect; intellection; reflection, cogitation, consideration, meditation, study, lucubration, speculation, deliberation, pondering; head work, brain work; cerebration; deep reflection; close study, application etc. (attention) 457.    abstract thought, abstraction contemplation, musing; brown study etc. (inattention) 458; reverie, Platonism; depth of thought, workings of the mind, thoughts, inmost thoughts; self-counsel self-communing, self-consultation; philosophy of the Absolute, philosophy of the Academy, philosophy of the Garden, philosophy of the lyceum, philosophy of the Porch.    association of thought, succession of thought, flow of thought, train of thought, current of thought, association of ideas, succession of ideas, flow of ideas, train of ideas, current of ideas.    after thought, mature thought; reconsideration, second thoughts; retrospection etc. (memory) 505; excogitation^†; examination etc. (inquiry) 461; invention etc. (imagination) 515.    thoughtfulness etc. adj.. ... show more

Polish: refleksja

Someone who memorizes quickly and easily (as the lines for a part in a play).

A composition intended to develop one aspect of the performer's technique.

Dutch: voorstudie, studie

Consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning.

synonyms: analyse, analyze, canvass, examine.

Roget 461: make inquiry etc. n.; inquire, ask, seek, search.    look for, look about for, look out for; scan, reconnoiter, explore, sound, rummage, ransack, pry, peer, look round; look over, go over, look through, go through; spy, overhaul.    [object is a topic] ask about, inquire about.    scratch the head, slap the forehead.    look into every hole and corner, peer into every hole and corner, pry into every hole and corner; nose; trace up; search out, hunt down, hunt out, fish out, ferret out; unearth; leave no stone unturned.    seek a clue, seek a clew; hunt, track, trail, mouse, dodge, trace; follow the trail, follow the scent; pursue etc. 662; beat up one's quarters; fish for; feel for etc. (experiment) 463.    investigate; take up an inquiry, institute an inquiry, pursue an inquiry, follow up an inquiry, conduct an inquiry, carry on an inquiry, carry out an inquiry, prosecute an inquiry etc. n.; look at, look into; preexamine; discuss, canvass, agitate.    [inquire into a topic] examine, study, consider, calculate; dip into, dive into, delve into, go deep into; make sure of, probe, sound, fathom; probe to the bottom, probe to the quick; scrutinize, analyze, anatomize, dissect, parse, resolve, sift, winnow; view in all its phases, try in all its phases; thresh out.    bring in question, bring into question, subject to examination; put to the proof etc. (experiment) 463; audit, tax, pass in review; take into consideration etc. (think over) 451; take counsel etc. 695.    question, demand; put the question, pop the question, propose the question, propound the question, moot the question, start the question, raise the question, stir the question, suggest the question, put forth the question, ventilate the question, grapple with the question, go into a question.    [human object], question, put to the question, interrogate, pump; subject to interrogation, subject to examination; cross-question, cross-examine; press for an answer; give the third degree; put to the inquisition; dodge^†.    catechize.    require an answer; pick the brains of, suck the brains of; feel the pulse.    get the lay of the land; see how the wind is blowing; put one's ear to the ground.    be in question etc. adj.; undergo examination.    ... show more

Dutch: analyseren, bestuderen, onderzoeken, uitspitten

Be a student; follow a course of study; be enrolled at an institute of learning.

Dutch: studeren, oost west, thuis best

Give careful consideration to.

synonym: consider.

Dutch: nadenken, overdenken, overpeinzen, overwegen

Be a student of a certain subject.

synonyms: learn, read, take.

Roget 539: learn; acquire knowledge, gain knowledge, receive knowledge, take in knowledge, drink in knowledge, imbibe knowledge, pick up knowledge, gather knowledge, get knowledge, obtain knowledge, collect knowledge, glean knowledge, glean information, glean learning.    acquaint oneself with, master; make oneself master of, make oneself acquainted with; grind, cram; get up, coach up; learn by heart, learn by rote.    read, spell, peruse; con over, pore over, thumb over; wade through; dip into; run the eye over, run the eye through; turn over the leaves.    study; be studious etc. adj.. [study intensely] burn the midnight oil, consume the midnight oil, mind one's book; cram.    go to school, go to college, go to the university; matriculate; serve an apprenticeship, serve one's apprenticeship, serve one's time; learn one's trade; be informed etc. 527; be taught etc. 537.    [stop going to school voluntarily (intransitive)] drop out, leave school, quit school; graduate; transfer; take a leave.    [cause to stop going to school (transitive)] dismiss, expel, kick out of school.    [stop going to school involuntarily] flunk out; be dismissed etc. ... show more

Learn by reading books:
— He is studying geology in his room.

synonym: hit the books.

Dutch: studeren

Think intently and at length, as for spiritual purposes:
— He is meditating in his study.

synonyms: contemplate, meditate.

Roget 451: think, reflect, cogitate, excogitate^†, consider, deliberate; bestow thought upon, bestow consideration upon; speculate, contemplate, meditate, ponder, muse, dream, ruminate; brood over, con over; animadvert, study; bend the mind, apply the mind etc. (attend) 457; digest, discuss, hammer at, weigh, perpend; realize, appreciate; fancy etc. (imagine) 515; trow^†.    take into consideration; take counsel etc. (be advised) 695; commune with oneself, bethink oneself; collect one's thoughts; revolve in the mind, turn over in the mind, run over in the mind; chew the cud upon, sleep upon; take counsel of one's pillow, advise with one's pillow.    rack one's brains, ransack one's brains, crack one's brains, beat one's brains, cudgel one's brains; set one's brain to work, set one's wits to work.    harbor an idea, entertain an idea, cherish an idea, nurture an idea etc. 453; take into one's head; bear in mind; reconsider.    occur; present itself, suggest itself; come into one's head, get into one's head; strike one, flit across the view, come uppermost, run in one s head; enter the mind, pass in the mind, cross the mind, flash on the mind, flash across the mind, float in the mind, fasten itself on the mind, be uppermost in the mind, occupy the mind; have in one's mind.    make an impression; sink into the mind, penetrate into the mind; engross the thoughts.    ... show more

Dutch: filosoferen, mijmeren, peinzen