A nation's ruler or head of state usually by hereditary right.

synonyms: crowned head, monarch.

Roget 745: master, padrone; lord, lord paramount; commander, commandant; captain; chief, chieftain; sirdar^†, sachem, sheik, head, senior, governor, ruler, dictator; leader etc. (director) 694; boss, cockarouse^†, sagamore, werowance^†.    lord of the ascendant; cock of the walk, cock of the roost; gray mare; mistress.    potentate; liege, liege lord; suzerain, sovereign, monarch, autocrat, despot, tyrant, oligarch.    crowned head, emperor, king, anointed king, majesty, imperator [Lat.], protector, president, stadholder^†, judge.    ceasar, kaiser, czar, tsar, sultan, soldan^†, grand Turk, caliph, imaum^†, shah, padishah^†, sophi^†, mogul, great mogul, khan, lama, tycoon, mikado, tenno [Jap.], inca, cazique^†; voivode^†; landamman^†; seyyid^†; Abuna^†, cacique^†, czarowitz^†, grand seignior.    prince, duke etc. (nobility) 875; archduke, doge, elector; seignior; marland^†, margrave; rajah, emir, wali, sheik nizam^†, nawab.    empress, queen, sultana, czarina, princess, infanta, duchess, margravine^†; czarevna^†, czarita^†; maharani, rani, rectrix^†.    regent, viceroy, exarch^†, palatine, khedive, hospodar^†, beglerbeg^†, three-tailed bashaw^†, pasha, bashaw^†, bey, beg, dey^†, scherif^†, tetrarch, satrap, mandarin, subahdar^†, nabob, maharajah; burgrave^†; laird etc. (proprietor) 779; collector, commissioner, deputy commissioner, woon^†.    the authorities, the powers that be, the government; staff, etat major [Fr.], aga^†, official, man in office, person in authority; sircar^†, sirkar^†, Sublime Porte.    [Military authorities] marshal, field marshal, marechal^†; general, generalissimo; commander in chief, seraskier^†, hetman^†; lieutenant general, major general; colonel, lieutenant colonel, major, captain, centurion, skipper, lieutenant, first lieutenant, second lieutenant, sublieutenant, officer, staff officer, aide-de-camp, brigadier, brigade major, adjutant, jemidar^†, ensign, cornet, cadet, subaltern, noncommissioned officer, warrant officer; sergeant, sergeant major; color sergeant; corporal, corporal major; lance corporal, acting corporal; drum major; captain general, dizdar^†, knight marshal, naik^†, pendragon.    [Civil authorities] mayor, mayoralty; prefect, chancellor, archon, provost, magistrate, syndic; alcalde^†, alcaid^†; burgomaster, corregidor^†, seneschal, alderman, councilman, committeeman, councilwoman, warden, constable, portreeve^†; lord mayor; officer etc. (executive) 965; dewan^†, fonctionnaire [Fr.].    [Naval authorities] admiral, admiralty; rear admiral, vice admiral, port admiral; commodore, captain, commander, lieutenant, ensign, skipper, mate, master, officer of the day, OD; navarch^†.    ... show more

Dutch: monarch, vorst
Polish: monarcha

of political bodies Not controlled by outside forces:
— A sovereign state.

synonyms: autonomous, independent, self-governing.

Roget 159: strong, mighty, vigorous, forcible, hard, adamantine, stout, robust, sturdy, hardy, powerful, potent, puissant, valid.    resistless, irresistible, invincible, proof against, impregnable, unconquerable, indomitable, dominating, inextinguishable, unquenchable; incontestable; more than a match for; overpowering, overwhelming; all powerful, all sufficient; sovereign.    able-bodied; athletic; Herculean, Cyclopean, Atlantean^†; muscular, brawny, wiry, well-knit, broad-shouldered, sinewy, strapping, stalwart, gigantic.    manly, man-like, manful; masculine, male, virile.    unweakened^†, unallayed, unwithered^†, unshaken, unworn, unexhausted^†; in full force, in full swing; in the plenitude of power.    stubborn, thick-ribbed, made of iron, deep-rooted; strong as a lion, strong as a horse, strong as an ox, strong as brandy; sound as a roach; in fine feather, in high feather; built like a brick shithouse; like a giant refreshed.    ... show more

Roget 737a: regal, sovereign, governing; royal, royalist; monarchical, kingly; imperial, imperiatorial^†; princely; feudal; aristocratic, autocratic; oligarchic etc. n.; republican, dynastic.    ruling etc. v.; regnant, gubernatorial; imperious; authoritative, executive, administrative, clothed with authority, official, departmental, ex officio, imperative, peremptory, overruling, absolute; hegemonic, hegemonical^†; authorized etc. (due) 924.    [pertaining to property owned by government] government, public; national, federal; his majesty's [Brit.], her majesty's; state, county, city, etc. N.. ... show more

Polish: wolny, autonomiczny, suwerenny, samodzielny, niepodległy, niezawisły

Greatest in status or authority or power.

synonym: supreme.

Roget 33: superior, greater, major, higher; exceeding etc. v.; great etc. 31; distinguished, ultra [Lat.]; vaulting; more than a match for.    supreme, greatest, utmost, paramount, preeminent, foremost, crowning; first-rate etc. (important) 642, (excellent) 648; unrivaled peerless, matchless; none such, second to none, sans pareil [Fr.]; unparagoned^†, unparalleled, unequalled, unapproached^†, unsurpassed; superlative, inimitable facile princeps [Lat.], incomparable, sovereign, without parallel, nulli secundus [Lat.], ne plus ultra [Lat.]; beyond compare, beyond comparison; culminating etc. (topmost) 210; transcendent, transcendental; plus royaliste que le Roi [Fr.], more catholic than the Pope increased etc. (added to) 35; enlarged etc. (expanded) 194.    ... show more