is a specific kind of: doc, doctor, Dr., MD, medico, physician.

is a broader term that covers: amputator | cosmetic surgeon, plastic surgeon | brain surgeon, neurosurgeon.

instances of which are: Beaumont, William Beaumont | Alexis Carrel, Carrel | Cowper, William Cowper | De Bakey, Michael Ellis De Bakey | Gorgas, William Crawford Gorgas | Baron Lister, Joseph Lister, Lister | James Parkinson, Parkinson | Reed, Walter Reed.