is a specific kind of: somatic cell, vegetative cell.

is a broader term that covers: gangliocyte, ganglion cell | brain cell | efferent neuron, motoneuron, motor nerve fiber, motor neuron | afferent neuron, sensory neuron.

has as a part: axon, axone | dendrite.

is a part of: nervous system, systema nervosum.

derivation: neural, neuronal, neuronic.