Shrubby tree of the Pacific coast of the United States; yields cascara sagrada.

synonyms: bearwood, cascara buckthorn, chittamwood, chittimwood, Rhamnus purshianus.

Deciduous shrub of southeastern and central United States.

synonyms: Ilex decidua, possum haw, winterberry.

Chiefly evergreen subshrubs of northern to Arctic areas.

Polish: mącznica