Son of Louis VII whose reign as king of France saw wars with the English that regained control of Normandy and Anjou and most of Poitou (1165-1223).

synonym: Philip Augustus.

King of ancient Macedonia and father of Alexander the Great (382-336 BC).

synonym: Philip II of Macedon.

King of Spain and Portugal and husband of Mary I; he supported the Counter Reformation and sent the Spanish Armada to invade England (1527-1598).

synonym: Philip II of Spain.